Feasibility of Generalization the Rights of Parents to the third Caregivers in the Legal System of Iran and America

Articles in Press

Document Type : Scholarly Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Shahrud University of Technology, Shahrud, Semnan. Iran

10.30497/flj.2024.246266.2018

Abstract

The family forms the core of every society and the child is its fundamental element, and any changes in its rules affect the order of the society. In order to flourish the family and improve the child's education system, the legislator has considered rights and duties such as guardianship, custody, training, discipline, visitation and alimony for parents. Conventionally, the above rights primarily belong to the biological parents of the child; But the important question that arises is whether the above rights can be extended to third parties and caregivers as well if the child’s best interest so requires? The truth is that in today's conditions, the concept of family in all societies has undergone fundamental changes and new claimants have been found regarding the above rights. The author, using hermeneutic method and adaptation to the laws of the United States of America, believes that the rights of the parents regarding the child are not based on the interest of the parents, but only on the interest of the child, and wherever his/ her interest is required, it is possible to extend the rights of the parents to third parties and caregivers. In Iran's jurisprudential legal system, the generalization of parental rights is partially foreseen in three legal, contractual and judicial forms, but it has not been accepted decisively and explicitly, and it is necessary to formulate special regulations in this field.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

- Allameh Hali, Jamal al-Din al-Hassan (1414 AH). Tadzkirah al-Fiqaha, Tehran: Maktaba al-Mortazawieh.
- Atai, Ali (1377). The opinions of al-faqihs and al-ma'raj in the ruling of Tadib al-Sabian and Khabham, Qom: Jamiat Modaresin.
- Attride-Stirling, Jennifer. (2001). Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool for Qualitative.
- Azazi, Shahla (2008). Sociology of the family: with emphasis on the role, structure and function of the family in the contemporary era, Tehran: Roshangan Publications and Women's Studies.
- Barbara Bennett Woodhouse, "Who Owns the Child?": Meyer and Pierce and the Child as Property.
-Brighouse, H., & Swift, A. (2006). Parents’ Rights and the Value of the Family. Ethics, 117(1), 80-108.
- Buss, E. (2002). Parental Rights. Virginia Law Review, 635-683.
- Caban v. Mohammed, 441 U.S. 380 (1979).
-Dailey, A. C., & Rosenbury, L. A. (2021). The New Parental Rights. Duke LJ, 71, 75.
- Emami, Seyyed Hassan (1363). Civil Rights, Tehran: Islamia Publications.
- Eshtreddi, Ali Panah (1417 AH). Al-Arwa documents, Tehran: Osweh Publications.
- Fazel Abhi, Hassan bin Abi Talib (1417 AH). Kashf al-Ums in Sharh Khazrat al-Nafi, Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
-Garrison, M. (1983). Why terminate parental rights?. Stanford Law Review, 423-496
- Given, L.M., (2008). the sage encyclopedia of qualitative methods, London.
- Goldberg Daniel L. (2003). Grandparent-grandchild access; A legal analysis, 15 th. Department of justice of Canada.
- Halabi, Ali Asghar (1366). General Encyclopaedia, Tehran: Pik Translation and Publishing.
- Har Ameli, Muhammad (1414 AH). Al-Shi'a Resources, Qom: Al-Bayt Foundation.
-Hill, J. L. (2017). What does it mean to be a" parent"? The claims of biology as the basis for parental rights. In Parental rights and responsibilities (pp. 29-96). Routledge
- Hikmatnia, Mahmoud (2012). Women's and Family Rights, Tehran: Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought.
- Hosseini Maraghi, Mir Abdul Fattah (1388). Al-Anavin, Tehran: Javadaneh and Jangal Publishing.
- Ibn Junaid Askafi, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad (1416 AH). Ibn Junaid Fatawi Collection, Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
- Imam Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah (1394). Tahrir al-Wasileh, Tehran: Institute for editing and publishing the works of Imam Khomeini (RA).
- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar (2015). Legal Science, Tehran: Ganj Danesh.
- Katouzian, Naser (1387). Introductory course on family civil rights, Tehran: Mizan Legal Foundation.
- Katouzian, Nasser (2014). Civil law in the current legal system, Tehran: Mizan publication.
- Khoi, Seyyed Abu al-Qasim (1422 AH). Basics of Takmala al-Manhaj, Qom: Institute for Revival of Khoei Artifacts.
- Lehr v. Robertson, 463 U.S. 248 (1983).
- Mahmoud Panahi, Seyed Mohammad Reza. (2015). "A Study of Skinner's Intentional Hermeneutic Methodology", Research Policy Quarterly, No. 3.
- Mazaheri, Masoumeh and Fatemeh Salehinjad (2012). "Investigation of the jurisprudential foundations of the child's right to be with parents and relatives with an approach according to Imam Khomeini", Matin Research, No. 61.
- Michael H. v. Gerald D., 491 U.S. 110 (1989).
- Millum, J. (2010). How do we acquire parental rights?. Social theory and practice, 36(1), 112.
- Mirshkari, Abbas, Maliki, Nafiseh, Habibzadeh, Elham (1400). "The right of relatives to visit a child in Iranian law", Judiciary Law, 85(114), 403-432.
- Mohaghegh Karki, Ali (1414 AH). Jami al-Maqasad fi Sharh al-Qasas, Qom: Al-Al-Bayt Institute.
- Mohaghegh Sabzevari, Mohammad Baqer bin Mohammad (2016). Kefaye Al-Ahkam, Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
- Mohagheq Hali, Jafar bin Hasan (1408 AH). Islamic Laws in Halal and Haram Issues, Qom: Ismailian Publications.
- Moin, Mohammad (1386). Farhang Moin, Tehran: Zarin Publishing House.
- Najafi, Mohammad Hassan (1404 AH). Jawaharlal Kalam, Beirut: Dar Rehaya al-Trath al-Arabi.
- Nouri Tabarsi, Mirza Hossein (1369). Mustardak Al-Wasail, Qom: Al-Al-Bait Publications.
- Omid, Hassan (1375). Farhang Omid, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publishing.
- Page, E. (2020). Parental rights. In Applied Philosophy (pp. 73-89). Routledge.
- Pourabdullah, Kobra (2018). "Legal foundations of alimony and its legal effects", Fiqh and Family Law, 16(54), 149-175.
- -------------------------- (2012). "The right and propriety of custody and its legal effects", Fiqh and Family Law, 18(58), 131-155.
- Quilloin v. Walcott, 434 U.S. 246 (1978).
- Safai, Seyyed Hossein and Abdullah Emami (2013). Summary of family law, Tehran: Mizan.
- Second martyr, Zain al-Din bin Ali (1413 AH). Masalak al-Afham, Qom: Islamic Encyclopaedia Institute.
- Sheikh Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan (1376). Tahzeeb Al-Ahkam, Qom: Sadouq Publishing.
- Sheikh Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan (1387 AH). Al-Mabsut fi fiqh al-Umamiyyah, Tehran: Al-Muktaba al-Mortazawiyyah.
- Stanley v. Illinois, 405 U.S. 645 (1972).
- Tabibi Jebeli, Morteza (2017). "Comparative analysis of the non-custodial parent's visitation rights with the child in the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America".
- Tabibi Jebeli, Morteza, Rahimi, Mansoura (2016). "Analysis of the non-custodial parent's right to virtual visitation with the child in the laws of Iran and the United States of America", Jurisprudence and Family Law, 22(66), 143-167.
- Tabibi Jebeli, Morteza, Alian Najafabadi, Azadeh, Rai Dehaghi, Massoud. (2012) "Mechanisms for protecting children's rights against punishment and punishment in terms of jurisprudence and law", Fiqh and Family Law, 18(58), 81-106.
- The first martyr, Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Makki al-Amili (1400 AH). Al-Qasem and Benefits, Qom: Maktaba Al-Mafid.
- The first martyr, Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Makki al-Amili (1414 AH). Al-Dros, Qom: Al-Nashr al-Islami Institute.
- Troxel, 530 U.S. at 88-89 (Stevens, J., dissenting).
- Victor Richard, Michael Robbins. (1991), "Statutory review of third-party rights regarding custody, visitation and support", Family law quarterly, volume 25.
- Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702,720 (1997).
- Win. & Mary L. Rev. 995, 1112-13 (1992).
- Zargush Nesab, Abdul Jabbar; Abiyar, Muhaddith (1400). "The guardianship of the property of minors, madmen and fools in the jurisprudence of Islamic schools", Comparative studies of jurisprudence and principles of schools, 4 (2). pp. 66-87.
Biannual Journal of Family Law And Jurisprudence

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 November 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics