Comparative Study of Contractual Freedom in Family Law with emphasis on Marriage in Imami Jurisprudence and French Law

Document Type : Original/ Research Article

Authors
Abbas Karimi 1
Alireza Forooghi 2
Mohammad reza Khalilzadeh 3
1 Professor in Department of Private Law, University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Department of Jurisprudence and Law, Shahid Motahari University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran
3 Ph.D. in Jurisprudence and Private Law, Shahid Motahari University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran
10.30497/flj.2022.243693.1840
Abstract
Marriage is the main and traditional form of family formation in the two legal systems of Islam and France. In the evolution of French family law in recent years, a concept called contractualization has been the focus of lawyers' attention. Contractualization is a process in which areas of family law that have not been contractable become contractable with the approval of new laws. It seems that contractual freedom in family law faces at least three interpretations. The comparative study of these interpretations in French family law and Imami jurisprudence as the origin of Iranian family law shows that in French family law, the process of contractualization reflects the lack of contractual freedom with the three interpretations in family law. While according to the author's view, the contractual freedom with the proposed three interpretations is current based on the Iranian family law and Imami jurisprudence. The first interpretation is the principle of non-opposition of the agreement, with the mandatory rules of family law in the cases of suspected opposition. The second interpretation is the possibility of determining the terms of the contract, which indicates serious freedom in applying the agreements of the spouses. According to the author's opinion, this principle also does not exist in French family law. The third interpretation is the well-known interpretation in the law of obligations, which does not exist in French law related to marriage.
Keywords
contractual freedom
mandatory rules of family law
eternal absence
rule of conditions
contractualization
Subjects
  1. A) Farsi
  2. Zanjani, Seyyed Musa Shabiri (1419 AH). Book of Marriage (Zanjani), 25 volumes, Rai Pardaz Research Institute, Qom - Iran, first edition.
  3. Sobhani, Jafar; Lesson outside principles, 1/12/95
  4. Alidoust, Abulqasem (1395 AH). Jurisprudence and contract law: General Qur'anic arguments, Tehran: Islamic Culture and Thought Research Institute Publications, 2nd edition, p. 518
  5. Katouzian, Nasser (1384 AH). Introduction to the science of law, 44th edition, Tehran: Publishing Company.
  6. Najm, Akbar; "Establishment of Immortality", Zikri, Practical Usul, No. 45,
  7. Mohseni, Elaha (1395 AH). Persons and family in French civil law, Tehran, Khorsandi publication.
  8. b) Arabic
  9. Abu Hanifa, Noman bin Muhammad Maghrabi (1385 Qamari). Foundations of Islam, 2nd edition, - Qom: Al-Al-Bayt Institute, peace be upon them.
  10. Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein Kompany (1418 Qamary). Hashiya Kitab al-Makasab (Lal Asfahani, i - al-Hadithina), 5 volumes, Anwar al-Hadi, Qom - Iran, first edition,
  11. Ansari Dezfouli, Morteza bin Muhammad (1420 Qamari). Faraed Al-Usul, Qom: Islamic Islamic Forum,
  12. ................................................ ..... (1411 Lunar). Kitab al-Makasib (Lal-Shaykh al-Ansari, 1 - al-Qadima), 3 volumes, Dar al-Zhakhar pamphlets, Qom - Iran, 1st edition,
  13. Boroujerdi, Agha Hossein (1412 lunar year). Al-Hashiya Ali Kefaya Al-Usul, Qom: Ansarian, Edition: 1.
  14. Tarhini Aamili, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein (1427 Qamari). Al-Budaera al-Fiqhiyah in the Book of Al-Bahiyah, Volume 6, Edition 4, Qom: Dar al-Fiqh for printing.
  15. A group of researchers under the supervision of Shahroudi, Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi (1417 Qamary). Al-Jawahir Fiqh encyclopedia, 6 volumes, Al-Ghadir Lalprinta and Al-Nashar and Al-Tawzii, Beirut-Lebanon, first edition
  16. Haeri Yazidi, Abdul Karim (Qamari 1418). Derr al-Fouad, Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami, 6th edition.
  17. Har Aamili, Muhammad bin Hasan (1409 lunar year). Shi'ite tools, 30 volumes, Al-Bayt Institute, Qom - Iran, first edition.
  18. Hakim, Seyyed Mohsen (1408 lunar year). Haqiq al-Usul, Qom: Basirati, 5th edition
  19. ............................. (1416 Lunar). Mustamsk Al-Arwa Al-Waghhi, Qom: Dar al-Tafseer Foundation
  20. Hali, Najmuddin, Jafar bin Hasan (1407 lunar year). Al-Matbar fi Sharh al-Mukhatsar, Qom: Seyyed al-Shahada Institute, peace be upon him.
  21. ................................................ .... (Lunar 1408). Islamic Laws in Halal and Haram Issues, Qom: Ismailian Institute,
  22. Khamenei, Seyyed Ali bin Javad Hosseini (1417). Debate on Al-Sabee'ah, in one volume, Qom: Institute of Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopaedia on the Religion of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, first edition.
  23. Khorasani, Akhund Muhammad Kazem bin Hossein (1409 lunar year). Kefaya al-Usul, Qom: Al-Al-Bayt, first edition.
  24. Khorasani, Akhund Muhammad Kazem bin Hossein (1406 lunar year). Hashiya al-Makasab (Lal Akhund), 1st edition, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
  25. Khomeini, Seyyed Ruhollah Mousavi (1421 lunar year). The Book of Sale (for Imam Al-Khomeini), 5 volumes, Tehran: Imam Khomeini's Quds-Serh Organization and Publishing Institute, first edition.

 

  1. ........................................ (1422 lunar year). Al-Urwa al-Waghti with Taaliq al-Imam al-Khomeini, Tehran, Imam Khomeini Works Editing and Publishing Institute, Tehran
  2. Rouhani Qomi, Seyyed Sadegh Hosseini (1429 Qomari). Minhaj Al-Fiqahah (Lal Rouhani), 6 volumes, Anwar Al-Hada, Qom - Iran, fifth edition
  3. Sobhani Tabrizi, Jafar (1424 lunar year). Irshad al-Aqool al-Islam al-Usool, Qom, Institute of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), Edition: 1.
  4. ................... (1382) Tahzeeb al-usul, recitations of Imam Khomeini's al-usul, Qom: Dar al-Fikr, edition: 1, vol. 2, p. 32.
  5. Sabzevari, Seyyed Abdul Ali (1413 AH). Mahezab Al-Ahkam (Lal Sabzwari), Qom: Al-Manar Foundation
  6. Sistani, Seyyed Ali Hosseini (1417 AH). Minhaj al-Salehin, Qom: Ayatollah Sistani's book publication
  7. Shahroudi, Sayyid Mahmoud bin Ali Hosseini (1402 AH). Book of Hajj (Lal Shahroudi), 5 volumes, Ansarian Institute, Qom - Iran, first edition
  8. Shirazi, Makarem, Naser (1428 AH). Anwar al-Usul, Qom: Publications of the School of Amir al-Mominin, peace be upon him, second edition,
  9. ..................................... (1411 AH) Al-Qasas al-Fiqhiyyah, Qom: Amir al-Momenin School Publishing peace be upon him
  10. Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (1417 Qamari). Researches in Islamic Law, Qom: Institute of Islamic Jurisprudence Encyclopaedia on the Religion of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, edition: 3rd
  11. Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem (1409 lunar year). Al-Arwa Al-Waghti, Beirut: Al-Alami Publishing House.
  12. Tusi, Muhammad bin Al-Hassan (1407 lunar year). Tahdeeb al-Ahkam (Khorsan Research) - Tehran, Edition: 4th, Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiya

 

  1. Lankarani, Mohammad Fazel (Qamary 1428). Al-Uruwa al-Wathqi with comments by al-Fadel, 2 volumes, Qom: Jurisprudence center of Imams Athar, peace be upon them, Qom - Iran, first edition
  2. Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir bin Muhammad Taqi (1404 lunar year). Miryah al-Aqool fi Sharh Akhbar Al-Ar-Rosoul - Tehran, edition: 2nd. Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiya
  3. Maraghi, Seyyed Mir Abdul Fattah bin Ali Hosseini (1417 lunar month). Al-Tawsaf al-Fiqhiyah, 2 volumes, Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Society of Teachers, Qom - Iran, 1
  4. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser (1424 Qomari). Kitab al-Nikah, first chapter, Qom: Publications of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him.
  5. Mousavi Khoi, Seyyed Abulqasem (1352 Shamsi). Ajood al-Thartarat, Qom: Lectures of Mohaghegh Naini, Al-Irfan Press, 1st edition
  6. ................................................ (Qamri 1418) Misbah al-Faqaha, Qom: Davari bookstore
  7. Hedayat Niya, Farajullah (Shamsi 2007) "Ma'atati marriage from the point of view of jurisprudence", Women's Strategic Studies, 10th year, No. 40, summer
  8. Yazidi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem Tabatabayi (1409 lunar year). Al-Aruwa Al-Wathqi (by Sayyid El-Yazdi), 2 volumes, Al-Alami Publishing House, Beirut-Lebanon, II
  9. ................................................ .. (1410 lunar year) Marginal Al Makasab Qom, Ismailian Publications

 

 

  1. C) French
  2. Debard, Thierry; Guinchard, Serge (2017-2018) Lexique des termes juridiques; 28th edition, Dalloz
  3. Fenouill, Dominique; P. de Vareilles-Sommières (2001) La contractualisation de la famille, Paris: Economica
  4. Fulchiron, Hugues(2017), L’autonomie de la volonté dans les relations familiales internationales, , “Availability/indisponibilité: quelques réflexions de synthésée à la lumière d’une étoile morte”, Bruylant, Brussels
  5. Malaurie, Philippe; Fulchiron, Hugues(2020) Droit de la famille, 7ème édition, Paris: Lextenso
  6. Mazeaud, Henri et leon; Mazeaud, Jean; Chabas, Francois (1995) La famille; 7th edition, Montchrestien
Biannual Journal of Family Law And Jurisprudence
Volume 28, Issue 78
May 2023
Pages 59-77