Evaluating of Granting Conditional Agency in Divorce by Reviewing Judicial Decisions

Document Type : Scholarly Article

Authors

1 Master's graduate in Jurisprudence and Private Law from the University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Islamic Law, Faculty of Judicial Law, University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the functional divisions of contract and unilateral legal act is the division into definitive and conditional. Conditional contracts refer to contracts whose creation or effect is suspended by circumstances external to the contract. It is intended by the parties in a conditional contract to create a contract, but its effect will not take place until an external circumstance occurs in the future. In conditional agency in divorce, the husband appoints the wife as an agent in the divorce matter, but the agency will not be effective until some external circumstance arises, such as the husband's drug addiction. This conditional agency contract may be concluded in the form of a corollary condition as an integral part of the marriage contract or separately. In Imamiyyah jurisprudence, there is consensus regarding the stipulation of unconditionality in all contracts, particularly agency contracts and unilateral legal acts of divorce. In spite of this, some jurists have objected to the stipulation of unconditionality by virtue of consensus. Other rational reasons are cited in jurisprudence books for the stipulation of unconditionality, all of which can be contested. This fundamental research, by using a descriptive- analytical method, concludes that considering the generality and absoluteness of the evidence for the obligation to fulfill contracts and impossibility of the obstacles that some jurists have raised, the conditional contract should be considered valid. Civil law also explicitly considers unconditionality as a necessary condition in some contracts such as guarantee, marriage, and unilateral legal acts, such as divorce, while being silent about others. The judicial procedure accepts conditional agencies and conditional contracts in general. The legal solution for rectification of the conditional agency and in general the conditional contract and postponed unilateral legal action is to distinguish between the suspension of creation of the contract and the suspension in the creature (effect) of the contract. Suspension of creation is logically impossible, and suspension in the creature of contract and unilateral legal act is valid and it is located in the outside world and is widely used in people's legal affairs.

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References

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Biannual Journal of Family Law And Jurisprudence
Volume 30, Issue 83
June 2025
Pages 85-109

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