Protecting Women against Violence in the Light of the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights: Referring to the approach of the Iranian Legal System

Document Type : Specialized Article

Authors

1 Ph. D. Candidate in Public International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom

2 Assistant Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom

Abstract

This article with descriptive – analytical   method is studying the issue of violence against women in judgmental procedure of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and also referred to the approach of the Iranian legal system in this field. In according to ECHR, VAW violates the right to life, the prohibition of torture and the principle of non-discrimination. ECHR also states that the member states of European convention on Human Right obliged to criminalize some acts of violence and take preventive measures to impede further violence in order to comply with the appropriate diligences following articles 2 & 3. In addition, the member states should investigate complaints of violence, as well as prosecute and punish perpetrators. Failure to fulfill these obligations with the required degree of appropriate diligences can be lead to the violation of articles 2 and 3. Finally, the failure of the state to act based on appropriate diligence regarding to complaint and combating to VAW may be regarded as violation of article 14. It seems the achievements of the European Court can be utilized by Iranian authorities and courts in terms of religious and cultural characteristics and requirements.

Keywords

References

قرآن کریم
آگاه، حمید(1382). قرآن؛ حق حیات و چالش­های موجود. پژوهش­های قرآنی، 9(35ـ36)، ص 160-181.
انوری، حسن(1381). فرهنگ بزرگ سخن. تهران: انتشارات سخن.
باقری، شهلا؛ و ملکشاه، آرزو(1390). مطالعة تطبیقی حق حیات زن از دیدگاه اسلام و غرب (با تأکید بر اسناد بین­المللی). پژوهشنامة زنان، 2(4)، ص1ـ22.
جعفری، محمدتقی(1370). حقوق جهانی بشر از دیدگاه اسلام و غرب؛ مقایسه و تطبیق دو نظام: اسلام و غرب. تهران: دفتر خدمات حقوقی بین­المللی جمهوری اسلامی ایران.
جهانگیری، سعید؛ و گروسی، ناصر(1398). حقوق زنان در اسلام و کنوانسیون منع هرگونه تبعیض علیه زنان. فصلنامة راهبرد سیاسی، 3(8)، ص1ـ22.
حر عاملی،محمد بن حسن(بی­تا). وسائل الشیعه. بیروت: دار احیاء التراث العربی.
دهخدا، علی­اکبر(1377). لغت­نامه. تهران: مؤسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
رنجبریان، امیرحسین(1384). جایگاه قاعدة منع شکنجه در حقوق بین­الملل معاصر. مجلة دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، 70، ص 184-147.
ــــــــــــــ(1387). پویایی حقوق بین­الملل و پایایی شکنجه. مجلة دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، 38(1)، ص205ـ248.
 شهید ثانی، زین‌الدین بن علی جبعی عاملی(بی­تا). مسالک­الافهام. قم: دارالمهدی.
عبداللهی، معاذ؛ و عبداللهی، جوانمیر(1393). نسل­زدایی فرهنگی. تهران: مجد.
عبدی، ایوب؛ و زمانی، سیدقاسم(1396). حاشیة صلاحدید دولت­ها در آزادی دین در پرتو رویة دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر. پژوهش حقوق عمومی، 19(55)، ص61ـ82.
عظیم­زاده، شادی(1384). پویایی جلوه­های سیاست جنایی در حمایت از زنان بزه­دیده خشونت. مجله حقوقی دادگستری، 69(52-53)، ص205ـ252.
قاری سیدفاطمی، سیدمحمد(1389الف). حقوق بشر در جهان معاصر (دفتراول)؛ درآمدی بر مباحث نظری: مفاهیم، مبانی، قلمرو و منابع. تهران: مؤسسة مطالعات و پژوهش‏های حقوقی شهر دانش، چاپ سوم (دوم ناشر).
ــــــــــــــ(1389ب). حقوق بشر در جهان معاصر (دفتر دوم)؛ جستارهایی تحلیلی از حق­ها و آزادی­ها. تهران: مؤسسة مطالعات و پژوهش­های حقوقی شهر دانش، چاپ دوم.
قربان­نیا، ناصر(1390). حقوق بشر و حقوق بشردوستانه. تهران: سازمان انتشارات پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشة اسلامی، چاپ دوم.
کلینی، محمدبن یعقوب رازی(1388). الکافی(علی­اکبر غفاری، محقق). تهران: دارالکتب الاسلامیه.
معین، محمد(1381). فرهنگ معین (دوره دو جلدی). تهران: آدنا، کتاب راه نو.
مولاوردی، شهین(1385). کالبدشکافی خشونت علیه زنان. تهران: حقوقدان.
 
Abdel-Monem, Tarik (2009). “Opuz v. Turkey: Europe’s Landmark Judgement on Violence Against Women”, Human Rights Brief, 17(1), p.1-5.
Blaker Strand, Vibeke (2019). “Interpreting ECHR in Its Normative Environment: Interaction Between the ECHR, the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child”, International Journal of Human Rights, 24(7), p.1-14.
Bychawska-Siniarska, Dominika (July 2017). Protecting the Right to Freedom of Expression under the European Convention on Human Rights: A Handbook for Legal Practitioners, Strasburg: Council of Europe.
CESCRs (22 May 2009). General Comment No. 20: Non-Discrimination in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Art. 2, Para. 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, UN. Doc.E/C.12/GC/20.
Council of Europe (4 November 1950). Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14 and supplemented by Protocols Nos. 1, 4,  6, 7, 12, 13 and 16).
Council of Europe (11 May 2011). Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention), Treaty Series - No. 210.
Council of Europe (11 May 2011). Explanatory Report to Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, Treaty Series- No. 210, https://rm.coe.int/16800d383a.
De Vido, Sara, “States’ Positive Obligations to Eradicate Domestic Violenc” The Politics of Relevance in the Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights”, ESIL Reflections, 6(6), 1-11.
ECHR (9 June 1998). L.C.B. v. the United Kingdom, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-III.
______ (28 October 1998). Osman v. the United Kingdom, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-VIII.
______ (10 May 2001). Z and Others v. the United Kingdom, No. 29392/95, ECHR 2001-V [GC].
______ (16 April 2002). Ivison v the United Kingdom (dec.), No. 39030/97.
______ (26 November 2002). E. and Others v. the United Kingdom, No. 33218/96.
______ (4 December 2003). M.C. v. Bulgaria, No. 39272/98, ECHR 2003-XII.
______ (31 May 2007). Kontrová v. Slovakia, No. 7510/04.
______ (24 January 2008). Maslova and Nalbandov v. Russia, No. 839/02.
______ (12 June 2008). Bevacqua and S. v. Bulgaria, No. 71127/01 
______ (15 January 2009). Branko Tomašić and Others v Croatia, No. 46598/06.
______ (9 June 2009). Opuz v. Turkey, No. 33401/02.
______ (14 October 2010). A. v. Croatia, No. 55164/08.
______ (30 November 2010). Hajduová v. Slovakia, No. 2660/03.
______ (27 September 2011). M. and C. v. Romania, No. 29032/04.
______ (20 March 2012). C.A.S. and C.S. v. Romania, No. 26692/05.
______ (24 April 2012). Kalucza v. Hungary, No. 57693/10.
______ (15 May 2012). I.G. v. Moldova, No. 53519/07.
______ (31 July 2012). M. and Others v. Italy and Bulgaria, 40020/03.
______ (26 March 2013). Valiulienė v. Lithuania, No. 33234/07.
______ (28 May 2013). Eremia v. the Republic of Moldova,No. 3564/11.
______ (16 July 2013). Mudric v. the Republic of Moldova, No. 74839/10.
______ (23 January 2014). W. v. Slovenia, No. 24125/06.
______, T.M. and C.M. v. the Republic of Moldova, (28 January 2014), No. 26608/11.
______ (27 May 2014). Rumor v. Italy, No. 72964/10.
______ (15 January 2015). M.A. v. Slovenia, No. 3400/07.
______ (28 April 2015). I.P. v. the Republic of Moldova, No. 33708/12.
______ (28 May 2015). Y. v. Slovenia, No. 41107/10, ECHR.
______ (3 September 2015). M. and M. v Croatia, No. 10161/13, ECHR 2015.
______ (23 February 2016). Civek v. Turkey, No. 55354/11.
______ (22 March 2016). M.G. v. Turkey, No. 646/10.
______ (November 2020). Factsheet-Domestic Violence.  
Goldscheid, Julie & Liebowitz, J. Debra (2015). "Due Diligence and Gender Violence: Praising its Power and its Perils", Cornell International Law Journal, 48, p.301-345.
Kabasakal, Tuba (Spring 2018). Violence against Women in Turkey: An Analysis of Barriers to the Effective Implementation of International Commitments, Thesis for the Master Degree in International Human Rights Law, Faculty of Law, Lund University.
Stamatopoulou, Elsa (2007). Cultural Rights in International Law: Article 27 and Beyond, Leiden/Boston: Martinus Njihoff Publishing.
UN General Assembly (18 December 1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
______ (20 December 1993). Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (DEVAW).
UN Division for the Advancement of Women of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDAWDESA) (2010). Handbook for Legislation on Violence against Women. New York, UN Publications.
Biannual Journal of Family Law And Jurisprudence
Volume 25, Issue 72
March 2020
Pages 219-243

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics